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ka· I§ vt to have II§ auxiliary forming perfect tenses to have III§ auxiliary forming future tenses followed by infinitive to feel/experience IV§ existential declarative ( [3] rd sg forms only) there is • ka· {quantifier + expression of time} {} ago ka dy muaj two weeks ago • ka· {quantity of time} {quantity of time} for {} ka ditë që s'të kam parë I haven't seen you for days • [ ] ka· {noun expressing a close personal relationship} [ ] is one's {} e kam kushëri he's my cousin e kisha mik he was my friend • ka· {quantifier + expression of time} {somewhere} to have been (somewhere) for {} kam dy ditë në Berat I have been in Berat for two days • ka· amel to have diarrhea • ka· anë to enjoy special favor • nuk ka·3sg anë e udhë it doesn't make any sense • <> ka·3sg ardhur qumështi i nënës në majë të hundës <> is at the end of <>'s endurance, <> cannot take it any more • <> ka·3sg ardhur uji në mulli "the water has come to <>'s mill" things have gone well for <>, <> has done well, <> has been very lucky • ka· arsye to have good reason ka [1] 3rd sg pres < ka· • s'ka as gëk as mëk there's no choice, just do it; don't give me any lip • S'ka berra e shet lesh. "He doesn't have sheep and he sells wool." Something fishy is going on. • <> ka bërë kokën she has given <> birth • s'ka çare there's no way out: certainly, of necessity, necessarily, inevitably, like it or not • s'ka çelës që <> bie it's like trying to pull teeth to get money from him: <> is stingy • S'ka ç'i bën gomarit (e) i bie samarit. [Prov] "There's nothing to do about the donkey so one hits the packsaddle." When you can't get at the real cause of your anger, you take it out on something/somebody else. • S'ka ç'i bën shkëndija eshkës së njomë/lagur. [Prov] "There's nothing a spark can do with wet punk." You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. • S'ka dele me pesë këmbë. [Prov] "There is no such thing as a sheep with five legs." No one is perfect. Nothing is perfect. • S'ka fushë pa breshkë. [Prov] "There is no field without a tortoise." Nothing's perfect. • s'ka gajle never mind, it doesn't matter ka [2] VI§ nm ox; steer VII§ 3rd sg pres < ka· 1 has 2 there is • kau i hullisë (stronger) member (of a team of oxen) that walks in the furrow • kau i kularit yoke ox